Wilderness International

We are a wild mix. Just like nature.

Team Wilderness International Germany

Board of Directors

Board of Directors

The board of Wilderness International Germany is responsible for the operational work of the foundation.

Wilderness International
Kai Andersch

CEO WI Germany, Director WI Canada, Land Management

Wild nature is a source of inspiration for me and I feel at home there. Next to a huge tree in the old-growth forest, on the foggy riverbank or sitting on a mountain - nature helps to recharge my batteries and to experience small and big wonders. In the last 20 years I have seen whole forest landscapes disappear, cities and roads have covered lakes and valleys. Pristine nature is becoming rarer by the year - at a frightening rate that compels action. I love nature and, as part of Wilderness International, I want to fight to ensure that our Earth will continue to be one thing: Wild and beautiful.

Wilderness International
Ronny Scholz

COO, Board of Directors, People & Culture, Education Projects

Sustainable change only happens from the bottom up and out of personal conviction. I believe in that. That's what motivated me to join WI in Dresden as a volunteer 10 years ago. Making nature conservation a tangible experience for everyone and even motivating entire companies to do so has excited me since my early years at WI. I started with networking and accompanying projects with pupils. The course of my illness has given me additional time for reflection. Since my disability, I can invest the time available to me in a focused manner in my tasks. With transparency. With fun. With WI.

Wilderness International
Jürgen Thiele

CFO, Board of Directors

As a young man and active winter sportsman, I witnessed the great forest dieback in the Osterzgebirge in the 1970/80s. In addition, there was the Chernobyl reactor accident in 1986. These events already formed a strong environmental consciousness in me during GDR times. Kai Andersch inspired me later to become active in international nature conservation: first as an enthusiastic sponsor with the company Gerl for the wilderness runs of the Dresden schools, then more intensively from 2008 as a founding benefactor. Today, I work in the area of finances as a board member in the foundation office on a voluntary basis.

Board of Trustees

Board of Trustees

The Foundation Board controls the Executive Board and determines the strategy of the Foundation's work. It meets twice a year.

Wilderness International
Stephan Hürten

Chair of the Board of Trustees

As a schoolboy, I was confronted with the rapid destruction of the tropical rainforest in South America. All the forecasts of the loss of area, unimaginable to me at the time, have come true despite the best arguments for the preservation of the forests...

Wilderness International
Vera Philipps

Member of the Board of Trustees

I've always loved being outdoors, thanks in part to my parents. In the course of my life so far, I have become more and more aware of climate protection in my private life, during my studies and also through my professional commitment...

Wilderness International
Carina Büder

Member of the Board of Trustees

I have always enjoyed being outdoors. Whether on the banks of a river, on a hike in the mountains, in the forest or on the coast. Spending time in nature gives me strength and I can draw new creativity from it. The often unique symbioses...

Wilderness International
Anton Kamolz

Member of the Board of Trustees

I am passionate about Wilderness International because the foundation provides answers rather than mere questions. Specifically, answers to the question, "How can we sustain a world where future generations can continue to live with similar benefits?"....

Wilderness International
Charlotte Voigt

Member of the Board of Trustees

After my first visit to the native forests of British Columbia, I knew that I felt a sense of peace and connection in this place that I would not find anywhere else. In my last two years of school, I began volunteering with Wilderness International....

Wilderness International
Steffen Kolschmann, MD

Deputy Chair of the Board of Trustees

For me, an essential component of "protecting nature" is raising awareness among young people on the threshold of adulthood. Actively experiencing nature and the experience of seeing great things emerge from many small things through their own commitment...

Wilderness International
Thomas Mach

Member of the Board of Trustees

Grown up on the Baltic Sea island of Usedom, I have always had a great relationship with nature. Since my youth I have been traveling on the continents of our earth, sometimes on tours lasting several weeks. Over time, a certain restlessness set in me when traveling...

Wilderness International
Sandra Zügge

Member of the Board of Trustees

I was impressed by the wild, untouched nature during a vacation in Western Canada in 2004 and since then it became a place of longing for me. I very much wish that also my children and as many other people as possible of following generations will still have intact...

Operational team

Operational team

The operational team takes care of all day-to-day tasks.

Wilderness International
Tom Andersch

Land Digitization

I am involved with Wilderness International because I care about protecting nature and preserving indigenous culture for our children and our children's children. The rainforests of Canada are one wilderness area among many on our planet that must be saved, because many of the current global conflicts are due to a globally disrupted ecosystem and resulting resource shortages. If we humans do not preserve and protect our environment, there will be serious consequences. I vouch for Wilderness International because I know here that my commitment to the protection of nature and the local population will also reach there.

Wilderness International
Henriette Wessel

Communication, Member of the Board of Directors WI Peru

I never thought I would end up in conservation. Actually, I've always been interested in other, more social issues. But no one can convince you to protect the environment as much as nature itself. Standing under a giant tree and feeling its age, seeing whales and hearing wolves howl. I cannot and will not imagine a world without that. And so, since the first time I went to the wilderness as a high school student with WI, I've stuck with it. I organized an exchange with the Gwich'in in the West Arctic and lived north of the Arctic Circle for five months to do it. After that, I studied intercultural communication. In Team Communication I can combine both passions and share the beauty of wilderness with others.

Wilderness International
Huu Nguyen

Product & Development

Before coming to WI as a volunteer, I worked as a software engineer for five years. A good friend, who always inspires me to take on new challenges and experiences, turned me on to WI. At WI, I want to dedicate my time, energy, and youth to protecting the wild places of this earth. I will use my work experience mainly for improvements in the organization and cooperation in the IT sector, but I will also help where I can.

Wilderness International
Tina Oldenburg

Payment

I am pleased to be able to facilitate donation processes at WI. I originally studied business mathematics and at some point fell in love with wine. So I studied viticulture and traveled around the world for almost 10 years as a traveling winemaker. Besides WI, I deliver packaging-free wine in Berlin, cook for homeless people at Straßenfeger e.V. and am responsible for vine care and wine production in the Kreuzberg vineyard. If you want to play table tennis or skat in the evening, or philosophize about wine and food, you've come to the right place.

Wilderness International
Friederike Klasen

Communication

As a new addition to the Berlin team, I can't wait to jump into the myriad of communications opportunities at Wilderness International. My background is a diverse wealth of experience from the shallows of the communications world. I studied journalism, film and sociology and have a master's degree in communication and media studies. I've worked in the Berlin (social) startup world - from DIY to cooking to crowdfunding. The fact that I can now devote all my energy to nature conservation and environmental protection inspires me a lot - let's go!

Wilderness International
Johann-Georg Cyffka

Cooperation

I am proud to be part of a movement that is committed to the protection of the primal nature that still exists today, as well as to education for sustainable development of future generations. The aim is to raise awareness of our environment as a society and to actively establish climate protection with real solutions for both individuals and companies. Making visible the consumption of nature in our lives and at the same time transforming it into environmental protection concepts drives me to push for both permanent nature protection and modern development solutions at Wilderness International.

Wilderness International
Claire von Quast

COOPERATION

The forest has always been my favorite place, Ronja Räubertochter the heroine of my childhood, and to this day you can often find me roaming the woods.
In my job, I've spent the last 20 years in the marketing sector, working in agencies on campaigns for technology, automotive, fashion and food & beverage brands. Since 2010 I have also been supporting the communications team of Google / YouTube e.g. in the conception and design of media partnerships, corporate cases or CSR projects with creators, sponsors, NGOs and public institutions/politics. The experience of how much power good projects develop through real passion and multi-layered collaborations is my incentive to develop exactly such partnerships with the WI team. And of course, it makes me super proud to be able to spend some of my time actively helping to preserve virgin forests - not only for robber daughters...

Wilderness International
Marie Schreiber

Science & Communication

Since my childhood I love to question and explore things. This open view of the world awakens in me an immense reverence and humility for life and nature. That's why during my bachelor's and master's studies I intensively studied a wide variety of agricultural and environmental topics on a scientific level, but I also traveled a lot to learn about new languages and cultures. Having recently finished my studies, I am now looking forward to combining this scientific approach with the active protection of nature in the communications team at Wilderness International.

Wilderness International
Claudia Römer

Accounting

For the fact that I found accounting daunting during my business studies and never wanted to work in this area, I am now very happy to have found my way to WI. A friend who recruited me told a few fibs about the amount of work I would have to do. But WI just caught me right from the start, and climbing mountains has always been a challenge I like to take on anyway. And even though I would often rather see trees than numbers, I'm happy to be able to help the trees with the numbers.

 

After my studies, I first went in a completely different direction. After a year of exhausting but also fun work in the advertising department of a newspaper, which was very conducive to communication, I set off on a full course in the direction of culture. After two further training courses and various jobs in different theaters, however, I gave up in disillusionment. But I had gained a lot of knowledge and experience in public relations, marketing, personnel management, networking, association work, teamwork, acquisition, event management, performance and tour planning, and much more. 

 

Now I had become aimless and let myself drift. As a flotsam and jetsam, I feel wonderfully taken care of at WI in this great team that is more than burning for the cause. I still have a passion for culture as a spectator and stilt walker. I also love the wind around my nose when hiking, skiing, motorcycling, camping, and being at home outdoors.

Wilderness International
Ha Nguyen

Testing and Quality Assurance

Wilderness International
Dung Nguyen

Backend Developer, DevOps

Wilderness International
Lai Ho

Frontend Developer

Wilderness International
Tin Huynh

Backend Developer

Wilderness International
Jan Luther

Frontend Developer

I love to program and optimize fast websites. Many people don't know that slow websites consume more power than non-optimized sites. So when the PageSpeed rating goes into the green zone, it not only makes users happy, but also the environment. Wilderness International and I are united in our quest to protect our remaining ecosystems. In this way, my work at the desk takes on a meaning that goes beyond PageSpeed.

Wilderness International
Leon Köpke

Working Student (CO2 Calculator)

Since my childhood I have been fascinated by flora and fauna, especially by unique untouched natural areas and habitats. Over the years, I have had the privilege of visiting many regions of the world, including the Amazon rainforest. These experiences have made me realize the importance of an intact ecosystem and the balance between humans and nature, and in 2020 I was given the opportunity to complete my Voluntary Ecological Year with Wilderness International. The work fascinated me so much that I am still actively involved with Wilderness International today.
As project manager of the CO₂ team, I am responsible for our CO₂ calculators, as well as for the annual balancing of partner companies.I am proud to be part of the Wilderness International team and to work together with committed people on our mission to protect untouched wilderness in the long term.

Wilderness International
Marten Gierth

Working Student (CO2 Calculator)

My name is Marten and I completed my Voluntary Ecological Year 2022 at Wilderness. My fascination for the rainforest and my conviction of its enormous importance have motivated me to continue my involvement with Wilderness as a working student. I am highly motivated to do my part in protecting our planet. My responsibilities include developing a CO2 calculator and designing media content. I look forward to continuing to actively participate in projects that make a sustainable contribution to our environment.
 

Wilderness International
Fanny Stratmann

Working Student (CO2 Calculator)

My driving force is curiosity. Even earlier out in the garden, now as part of theCO2 calculator team at WI. My scientific research provides an up-to-date data basis. It fascinates me immensely to learn new things about our complex natural world. At the same time, I find my peace and quiet and the best ideas outside in the countryside.
I am currently studying environmental monitoring and enjoy spending my free afternoons in nature or swimming, reading and drawing.
Especially outside and through my studies, I see every day how essential the protection of nature is for all unique species and the balance of diverse ecosystems.
The fact that I can give something back to nature through my research here at WI gives me hope.

Wilderness International
Kai Andersch

CEO WI Germany, Director WI Canada, Land Management

Wild nature is a source of inspiration for me and I feel at home there. Next to a huge tree in the old-growth forest, on the foggy riverbank or sitting on a mountain - nature helps to recharge my batteries and to experience small and big wonders. In the last 20 years I have seen whole forest landscapes disappear, cities and roads have covered lakes and valleys. Pristine nature is becoming rarer by the year - at a frightening rate that compels action. I love nature and, as part of Wilderness International, I want to fight to ensure that our Earth will continue to be one thing: Wild and beautiful.

Wilderness International
Ronny Scholz

COO, Board of Directors, People & Culture, Education Projects

Sustainable change only happens from the bottom up and out of personal conviction. I believe in that. That's what motivated me to join WI in Dresden as a volunteer 10 years ago. Making nature conservation a tangible experience for everyone and even motivating entire companies to do so has excited me since my early years at WI. I started with networking and accompanying projects with pupils. The course of my illness has given me additional time for reflection. Since my disability, I can invest the time available to me in a focused manner in my tasks. With transparency. With fun. With WI.

Wilderness International
Mona Hederich

Media Database, Social Media

After my experiences in species conservation, where we are desperately trying to preserve what is almost lost - the last populations of endangered species that are increasingly losing their habitat - I want to work for the remaining pristine primeval forests and protect the biodiversity and intact ecosystems that still exist in the long term before it is too late. My first encounter with Wilderness International began with a wilderness sponsorship in Peru and led to me working with Fauna Forever in the Secret Forest for a month. During this time, I experienced the rainforest in a way that made my heart beat faster. The abundance of life and the untouched beauty of nature were overwhelming.

 

At the same time, however, it was also heartbreaking to see the destruction and immense loss that occurs when protection is not provided. For me, the commitment to nature and species conservation lies not only in the field of biology, but also in sharing stories about wilderness and I am firmly convinced that together we can bring the protection of wilderness far and wide and into many hearts. Step by step. Protected area by protected area.

Wilderness International
Ulrike Pröschild

Communication

Forests have always been my personal happy place. To be completely honest, I often just like animals better than people. I also like to tell good stories.

 

After a Master's degree in English, my career path led me to a communications agency. And even though I was already able to deal with important future issues there on a daily basis, I always had the desire to do even more - especially when it came to nature conservation and environmental protection. That's why I'm particularly keen to strengthen the Wilderness International communications team and show as many people as possible how much active wilderness protection can achieve.

In my free time, you can often find me out in nature. For me, there is no better place to relax and clear my head (except perhaps at concerts). This makes it all the more important that we give something back to nature, which gives us so much, and preserve intact ecosystems. I am sure that we can achieve this goal together! 

Wilderness International
Chris Hoffmann

Special Projects 

Big trees, mountains and valleys shrouded in mist. Green as far as the eye can see - the love of travel and the urge to be in the wilderness still characterizes me today. At Wilderness International, I dedicate some of my time to preserving these places and protecting biodiversity. 

 

I have spent the last 20+ years working in Marketing & Communications at Red Bull, Google and YouTube, managing large-scale projects and community events, creating campaigns and content, and initiating creator collaborations. I hope that through the foundation's work and effective partnerships, among other things, we will be able to preserve the last 2.8% of intact land habitats on our planet for our and future generations. They are essential as a global lever for CO2 sequestration and are simply beautiful.

Volunteer

Volunteer

Without our volunteers, we could not protect so much wilderness. We are infinitely grateful for their commitment.

Wilderness International
Tino Kreßner

Strategy & Product 

Tino Kreßner is a crowdfunding pioneer in Germany and co-founder of the crowdfunding platform Startnext.com. In doing so, he advocates for a participatory and transparent allocation of capital to promote sustainable and creative ideas. With Finlane GmbH, he operates parallel crowdfunding technology to promote non-profit projects together with banks. As a founding member of the Social Entrepreneurship Netzwerk Deutschland (SEND), he shapes better framework conditions for companies that focus on their impact rather than profit maximization. 

Together with the Wilderness International Foundation, Tino Kreßner initiated the largest private tree planting campaign in Germany and today protects the last intact ecosystems on our planet. 

Wilderness International
Lennardt Hachmeister

COOPERATION

I am very happy to support Wilderness International with my ideas, experience and networks in order to protect the last intact ecosystems of our earth permanently and across generations. In my past I built up an advertising agency in Hamburg, founded a startup in the sports sector and played soccer for Hannover 96. When I'm not working, you can find me with friends in nature or traveling.

Team Wilderness International Peru

Operational team

Operational team

Wilderness International
Flor Ugarte Villavicencio

Chief Financial Officer

I was born in the Andes, in Urcos, near Cusco, a wonderful place full of nature at that time. As a child, I moved with my family to Madre de Dios, where I have now lived for more than 45 years. I love the trees, rivers, streams and waterfalls, the heat and the sounds of nature with its thousands of species of animals here. Although I have to admit that I don't like mosquitoes very much. I have worked for numerous entities in Puerto Maldonado, from tourist accommodations to government organizations to family businesses. But working with Wilderness International is the most fulfilling for me because I see us preserving the things I love so much. And most importantly, because I feel that in this way I can also raise awareness in others about how to care for, protect, and preserve our beautiful natural world.

Wilderness International
Stefany Rado Serrano

Forest Guardian

My biology studies have taught me to respect, appreciate, and above all, love nature. It has brought me here, to my beloved jungle, to accomplish a great work. It reminds me of what a great poet once said, "Turn a tree into firewood and it will burn for you, but it will not bear flowers or fruit for your children."-Rabindranath Tagore.
Meanwhile, it is not just words, it is our reality. It is inexplicable to be able to study and protect from everything that is most dear to me. To even be able to make it my profession is one of the best gifts that life could give me.
I studied biology at UNSAAC in Cusco and have since worked in various projects in the Madre de Dios region, including an environmental study for the regeneration of natural areas destroyed by gold mines and the renaturation of tree species threatened with extinction.

Wilderness International
Maria Laura Tolmos

Founding Member WI Peru, Member of the Board of Directors WI Peru

Having grown up in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest, nature has inspired me since childhood. That's why I also did my bachelor's degree in forestry in Peru and then my master's degree in forest ecology in Germany, where I...

Wilderness International
Dr. Chris Kirkby

CEO WI Peru

My joining Wilderness International was definitely a happy coincidence - in the right place at the right time, with the right people on a mission to protect wild nature. A Peruvian friend had introduced me to Fabian Mühlberger in 2018, whereupon...

Wilderness International
Guido Nuñez

forest guardian

I am originally from the highlands of Peru and am proud of my roots in Arequipa. I have known the jungle for many years. My children were born in Madre de Dios. I immediately fell in love with the jungle and carried out many important construction works for the city, for example the obelisk of Madre de Dios. I consider myself a lover of biodiversity and a connoisseur of flora and fauna since I was 20 years old. I am happy to be part of WI because I like the approach of protecting nature and preserving what little we have left of our wonderful forests.

Wilderness International
Katiuska Alexandra Suaquita Aragon

Office assistance

I was born in Lima-Peru, but moved to Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17 years ago with my parents and brother. I am studying law at the Universidad Nacional Amazónica De Madre De Dios (UNAMAD). I love nature and always try to be outside and gain new experiences. I am very happy and satisfied to be part of Wilderness International Peru. My biggest dream is to be able to help and defend people in need.
I thank my mother, father and brother for supporting me in all my dreams.

Wilderness International
Fabian Mühlberger

Biologist, Photographer, Member of the Board of Directors WI Peru

I have loved nature since my earliest childhood, and I am particularly fascinated by primeval forests. Of course, this has also influenced my choice of career and I now work full-time in nature conservation and am committed to the preservation of wilderness and biodiversity in various ecosystems around the world. I became aware of Wilderness International through my work as a nature tour guide for Diamir Erlebnisreisen, a partner of the foundation. The direct concept of Wilderness International for wilderness conservation, as well as the team behind it, appealed to me so much right away that I absolutely wanted to become a part of this project to protect endangered and spectacular primeval forests.

Wilderness International
Henriette Wessel

Communication, Member of the Board of Directors WI Peru

I never thought I would end up in conservation. Actually, I've always been interested in other, more social issues. But no one can convince you to protect the environment as much as nature itself. Standing under a giant tree and feeling its age, seeing whales and hearing wolves howl. I cannot and will not imagine a world without that. And so, since the first time I went to the wilderness as a high school student with WI, I've stuck with it. I organized an exchange with the Gwich'in in the West Arctic and lived north of the Arctic Circle for five months to do it. After that, I studied intercultural communication. In Team Communication I can combine both passions and share the beauty of wilderness with others.

Wilderness International
Tobias Hürten

Director WI Canada, Member of WI Peru

When I heard in the 5th grade about trees that are more than a hundred times older than me, I decided to participate in the Wilderness Run. It felt good to be able to actively do something for international and regional wilderness conservation. The opportunity to go on an expedition to Western Canada in 11th grade was an absolute game changer for me, because I could now experience the unique nature in the Toba Valley with all my senses. The vastness and untouched nature of the wilderness touched me so much that I wanted to continue my involvement with the foundation in the future. By organizing wilderness runs and especially as coordinator for the Wilderness Team Challenge, I was able to develop myself further and realize new ideas. A second expedition to our wilderness areas and to the West Arctic have again shown me the meaningfulness of my work - and expanded my craft and cultural skills.

Wilderness International
Kai Andersch

CEO WI Germany, Director WI Canada, Land Management

Wild nature is a source of inspiration for me and I feel at home there. Next to a huge tree in the old-growth forest, on the foggy riverbank or sitting on a mountain - nature helps to recharge my batteries and to experience small and big wonders. In the last 20 years I have seen whole forest landscapes disappear, cities and roads have covered lakes and valleys. Pristine nature is becoming rarer by the year - at a frightening rate that compels action. I love nature and, as part of Wilderness International, I want to fight to ensure that our Earth will continue to be one thing: Wild and beautiful.

Team Wilderness International (Canada)

Operational team

Operational team

Wilderness International
Marco Lou

Management WI Canada

I grew up in rural western Canada and know that I was very fortunate to enjoy the freedom of the outdoors, hiking, camping and horseback riding. This is how my identity has evolved over my lifetime, deeply connected to nature and wild spaces. I feel joy and freedom whenever I experience something new or unexpected in the beauty of nature and the world around me....

Wilderness International
Tyler Bruce

Executive Board WI Canada

Nature and wilderness are my home. I was born and raised on Vancouver Island, and living between the mountains and the ocean has shaped me. Seeing the impact we humans have had on these incredible ecosystems over my lifetime and how important it is to protect them makes me want to get involved with Wilderness International.

 

These ecosystems give us so much every day. That's why I want to do what I can to give back and help protect them. In this way, I can help ensure that my children can live and play in the wild and that nature teaches them who they are and what they can be, for generations to come.

 

When I'm not working, I'm on the boat or skiing with my family, taking time to unwind and enjoy this wild place we call home. My involvement with Wilderness International and the path this great organization has taken allows me to take action. It allows me to give nature a voice before it is too late and these ecosystems are gone forever. I am truly grateful to be part of WI and hope that it inspires more people to take action for nature as well.

Wilderness International
Stephen Gabrysh

Executive Board WI Canada

I have always loved nature. I grew up on Vancouver Island in British Columbia and explored the mountains, oceans and forests here. But I didn't have an understanding of how everything is connected and how humans affect nature. I spent my early career as an entrepreneur in the extractive industry. Seeing first-hand how these industries impact nature never made me feel comfortable. I've always had a problem with nature having to pay so much tribute so that people can have what they want.

Now, as an ecotourism operator, we can show and experience nature. We focus our tours on education, conservation and inspiration. We can already see a change in our guests because nature offers such incredible experiences.

 

Wilderness International has inspired me to effect change on a larger scale. I believe that WI's mission is critical to saving our species, and to take a different path than the one we humans have set our planet on. Wilderness International is a powerful and wonderful organization, and I am honored to be a part of it. 

 

When I'm not traveling for business, I'm usually spending time with my family. My wife and I have two wonderful daughters, and we love to travel and give them new experiences. I also enjoy spending time in the great outdoors, fishing, golfing and camping.

Wilderness International
Tobias Hürten

Director WI Canada, Member of WI Peru

When I heard in the 5th grade about trees that are more than a hundred times older than me, I decided to participate in the Wilderness Run. It felt good to be able to actively do something for international and regional wilderness conservation. The opportunity to go on an expedition to Western Canada in 11th grade was an absolute game changer for me, because I could now experience the unique nature in the Toba Valley with all my senses. The vastness and untouched nature of the wilderness touched me so much that I wanted to continue my involvement with the foundation in the future. By organizing wilderness runs and especially as coordinator for the Wilderness Team Challenge, I was able to develop myself further and realize new ideas. A second expedition to our wilderness areas and to the West Arctic have again shown me the meaningfulness of my work - and expanded my craft and cultural skills.

Wilderness International
Kai Andersch

CEO WI Germany, Director WI Canada, Land Management

Wild nature is a source of inspiration for me and I feel at home there. Next to a huge tree in the old-growth forest, on the foggy riverbank or sitting on a mountain - nature helps to recharge my batteries and to experience small and big wonders. In the last 20 years I have seen whole forest landscapes disappear, cities and roads have covered lakes and valleys. Pristine nature is becoming rarer by the year - at a frightening rate that compels action. I love nature and, as part of Wilderness International, I want to fight to ensure that our Earth will continue to be one thing: Wild and beautiful.